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🧠 Aptitude & Reasoning Interview Questions 2026

Quantitative Aptitude, Logical Reasoning, and Puzzle solving questions for freshers.

All (20) 🟢 Easy 🟡 Medium 🔴 Hard
1
A train 150m long passes a pole in 15 seconds. Find its speed in km/h.
Easy ▼
Given:
  • Length of train = 150 m
  • Time to pass the pole = 15 seconds


Formula: Speed = Distance / Time

Solution:
Speed = 150 / 15 = 10 m/s

Convert to km/h: 10 × (18/5) = 36 km/h

Tip: To convert m/s → km/h, multiply by 18/5
To convert km/h → m/s, multiply by 5/18
2
If A can do a work in 10 days and B can do the same work in 15 days, how long will they take together?
Easy ▼
Given:
  • A completes work in 10 days → A's 1-day work = 1/10
  • B completes work in 15 days → B's 1-day work = 1/15


Combined 1-day work:
= 1/10 + 1/15
= 3/30 + 2/30
= 5/30 = 1/6

Together they complete in: 6 days

Formula: Time = (A × B) / (A + B) = (10 × 15) / (10 + 15) = 150/25 = 6 days
3
A shopkeeper sells an article at 20% profit. If CP is ₹500, find the SP.
Easy ▼
Given:
  • Cost Price (CP) = ₹500
  • Profit % = 20%


Formula: SP = CP × (100 + Profit%) / 100

Solution:
SP = 500 × (100 + 20) / 100
SP = 500 × 120 / 100
SP = ₹600

Verify: Profit = SP - CP = 600 - 500 = ₹100
Profit% = (100/500) × 100 = 20% ✓

Loss formula: SP = CP × (100 - Loss%) / 100
4
Simple Interest vs Compound Interest: A sum of ₹10,000 at 10% per annum for 2 years.
Medium ▼
Simple Interest:
SI = (P × R × T) / 100
SI = (10000 × 10 × 2) / 100 = ₹2,000
Total Amount = 10000 + 2000 = ₹12,000

Compound Interest:
CI Amount = P × (1 + R/100)^T
= 10000 × (1 + 10/100)^2
= 10000 × (1.1)^2
= 10000 × 1.21
= ₹12,100

CI = 12100 - 10000 = ₹2,100

Difference = CI - SI = 2100 - 2000 = ₹100

Formula for difference: P × (R/100)^2 = 10000 × 0.01 = ₹100 ✓
5
The ratio of ages of A and B is 3:5. After 10 years, the ratio will be 5:7. Find their current ages.
Medium ▼
Let: Current age of A = 3x, B = 5x

After 10 years:
(3x + 10) / (5x + 10) = 5/7

Cross multiply:
7(3x + 10) = 5(5x + 10)
21x + 70 = 25x + 50
70 - 50 = 25x - 21x
20 = 4x
x = 5

Answer:
A's current age = 3 × 5 = 15 years
B's current age = 5 × 5 = 25 years

Verify: After 10 years: 25/35 = 5/7 ✓
6
Find the missing number: 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, __?
Easy ▼
Pattern Analysis:
  • 2 = 1 × 2
  • 6 = 2 × 3
  • 12 = 3 × 4
  • 20 = 4 × 5
  • 30 = 5 × 6
  • ? = 6 × 7 = 42


Alternative view (differences):
6-2=4, 12-6=6, 20-12=8, 30-20=10, ?-30=12
? = 30 + 12 = 42

General term: n × (n+1), where n starts from 1
For n=6: 6 × 7 = 42
7
A pipe fills a tank in 6 hours, another empties it in 10 hours. If both open, when is tank full?
Medium ▼
Pipe A fills: 1/6 of tank per hour
Pipe B empties: 1/10 of tank per hour

Net filling rate:
= 1/6 - 1/10
= 5/30 - 3/30
= 2/30
= 1/15 per hour

Time to fill = 15 hours

Note: If emptying rate > filling rate, tank will never fill.
Example: If B empties in 4 hours: Net = 1/6 - 1/4 = 2/12 - 3/12 = -1/12 (tank empties!)
8
In a class, the average marks of 30 students is 60. If the teacher adds 10 marks to each, what is the new average?
Easy ▼
Original average = 60
Total marks = 30 × 60 = 1800

When 10 marks added to each student:
New total = 1800 + (10 × 30) = 1800 + 300 = 2100

New average = 2100 / 30 = 70

Shortcut: When same value is added to all data points, the mean increases by that same value.
New Average = Old Average + Added Value = 60 + 10 = 70

Same logic for multiplication: If each multiplied by k, new average = old average × k
9
What is percentage? How do you calculate percentage increase/decrease?
Easy ▼
Percentage = (Part / Whole) × 100

Percentage Increase:
= [(New Value - Old Value) / Old Value] × 100

Example: Price goes from ₹200 to ₹250
= [(250-200)/200] × 100 = (50/200) × 100 = 25% increase

Percentage Decrease:
= [(Old Value - New Value) / Old Value] × 100

Example: Price goes from ₹500 to ₹400
= [(500-400)/500] × 100 = (100/500) × 100 = 20% decrease

Trick — Successive %:
If increased by A% then decreased by B%:
Net change = A - B - AB/100
10
Two trains 200m and 300m long travel towards each other at 60 km/h and 90 km/h. Time to cross?
Medium ▼
Given:
  • Train 1 length = 200m, Speed = 60 km/h
  • Train 2 length = 300m, Speed = 90 km/h
  • Moving towards each other (opposite direction)


Total distance = 200 + 300 = 500m

Relative speed (opposite direction) = 60 + 90 = 150 km/h
Convert: 150 × 5/18 = 125/3 m/s

Time = Distance / Speed
= 500 / (125/3)
= 500 × 3/125
= 12 seconds

Same direction: Relative speed = difference of speeds
11
What is permutation and combination? Find P(5,3) and C(5,3).
Medium ▼
Permutation (Order matters):
P(n,r) = n! / (n-r)!

P(5,3) = 5! / (5-3)! = 5! / 2! = (5×4×3×2×1)/(2×1) = 120/2 = 60

Combination (Order doesn't matter):
C(n,r) = n! / [r! × (n-r)!]

C(5,3) = 5! / (3! × 2!) = 120 / (6×2) = 120/12 = 10

Relation: P(n,r) = C(n,r) × r!
60 = 10 × 3! = 10 × 6 = 60 ✓

Use Permutation for: arrangements, queues
Use Combination for: selections, teams, committees
12
What is the probability of getting a sum of 7 when two dice are rolled?
Medium ▼
Total outcomes when 2 dice rolled = 6 × 6 = 36

Favorable outcomes (sum = 7):
  • (1,6), (6,1)
  • (2,5), (5,2)
  • (3,4), (4,3)

Total favorable = 6

Probability = Favorable / Total = 6/36 = 1/6

P(sum=7) = 1/6 ≈ 0.1667 or 16.67%

Note: Sum of 7 has highest probability (6 ways) among all possible sums (2-12).
Sum of 2 or 12 has lowest probability (1 way each).
13
Find the LCM and HCF of 12, 18, and 24.
Easy ▼
Prime Factorization:
  • 12 = 2² × 3
  • 18 = 2 × 3²
  • 24 = 2³ × 3


HCF (Highest Common Factor):
Take LOWEST powers of common prime factors
HCF = 2¹ × 3¹ = 6

LCM (Lowest Common Multiple):
Take HIGHEST powers of all prime factors
LCM = 2³ × 3² = 8 × 9 = 72

Verify: LCM × HCF = Product (only for 2 numbers)
72 × 6 = 432 = 12 × 36 ✓

Quick check: LCM is always ≥ largest number; HCF is always ≤ smallest number
14
If MANGO is coded as OCPIA, how is APPLE coded?
Easy ▼
Pattern Analysis:
M → O (+2)
A → C (+2)
N → P (+2)
G → I (+2)
O → A... wait, O(15) → A(1)? That's +12 or -14...

Let me recheck: O is 15, Q is 17... Let's try:
M(13)→O(15) = +2
A(1)→C(3) = +2
N(14)→P(16) = +2
G(7)→I(9) = +2
O(15)→A(1)? No, O+2=Q

Correct pattern: Each letter shifted +2

APPLE coded:
A+2=C
P+2=R
P+2=R
L+2=N
E+2=G

Answer: CRNG

Tip for coding questions: Always check +n, -n, reverse alphabet, or alternating patterns.
15
What is the difference between mean, median, and mode?
Easy ▼
For dataset: 2, 3, 5, 5, 7, 8, 10

Mean (Average):
= Sum / Count
= (2+3+5+5+7+8+10) / 7
= 40/7 = 5.71

Median (Middle value):
Arranged in order: 2, 3, 5, [5], 7, 8, 10
Middle value = 5
(For even count: average of 2 middle values)

Mode (Most frequent):
5 appears twice — Mode = 5

When to use:
  • Mean: Symmetric distribution, no outliers
  • Median: Skewed data or with outliers (e.g., income)
  • Mode: Categorical data, most common value
16
A man walks 3 km East, then 4 km North. Find distance from starting point.
Easy ▼
This is a right triangle problem (Pythagoras theorem):

East = 3 km (horizontal)
North = 4 km (vertical)

Distance = √(3² + 4²)
= √(9 + 16)
= √25
= 5 km

This is the famous 3-4-5 Pythagorean triplet!

Other common triplets:
  • 5-12-13
  • 8-15-17
  • 7-24-25


Direction tip: Draw the path on paper. Always use Pythagoras for horizontal+vertical movement.
17
Logical Reasoning: All roses are flowers. Some flowers fade quickly. Conclusion?
Hard ▼
Statements:
  1. All roses are flowers.
  2. Some flowers fade quickly.


Analysis using Venn Diagram:
  • Roses ⊂ Flowers (roses are a subset of flowers)
  • Some flowers fade quickly (may or may not include roses)


Conclusion I: "Some roses fade quickly" → NOT NECESSARILY TRUE (roses might be in the set that doesn't fade)

Conclusion II: "All flowers are roses" → FALSE (roses are a subset)

Valid conclusion: "Some flowers are roses" → TRUE

Key rule: From "All A are B" + "Some B are C", we CANNOT conclude "Some A are C".
18
What is the sum of the first 100 natural numbers?
Easy ▼
Formula: Sum of first n natural numbers = n(n+1)/2

For n = 100:
Sum = 100 × 101 / 2 = 10100/2 = 5050

Gauss Method (how Gauss discovered this at age 10):
Pair numbers from both ends:
1 + 100 = 101
2 + 99 = 101
3 + 98 = 101
... and so on
50 pairs × 101 = 5050

Other useful formulas:
  • Sum of first n odd numbers = n²
  • Sum of first n even numbers = n(n+1)
  • Sum of squares: n(n+1)(2n+1)/6
  • Sum of cubes: [n(n+1)/2]²
19
A cistern has a leak. Without leak it fills in 8 hours, with leak it takes 12 hours. Leak empties in?
Medium ▼
Without leak: Filling rate = 1/8 per hour
With leak: Net rate = 1/12 per hour

Leak rate:
= Filling rate - Net rate
= 1/8 - 1/12
= 3/24 - 2/24
= 1/24 per hour

Leak empties tank in: 24 hours

Verify:
With both: 1/8 - 1/24 = 3/24 - 1/24 = 2/24 = 1/12 ✓

General formula:
Leak time = (T₁ × T₂) / (T₂ - T₁)
= (8 × 12) / (12 - 8)
= 96/4 = 24 hours
20
What is the next term: 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, ?
Easy ▼
Pattern: These are perfect squares!
  • 1 = 1²
  • 4 = 2²
  • 9 = 3²
  • 16 = 4²
  • 25 = 5²
  • 36 = 6²
  • ? = 7² = 49


Difference method:
4-1=3, 9-4=5, 16-9=7, 25-16=9, 36-25=11, ?-36=13
? = 36 + 13 = 49

The differences are odd numbers: 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13...

Tip: Always check: arithmetic progression, geometric progression, squares, cubes, Fibonacci, or combination patterns.